The Mountain Initiative (MI) is a global initiative aimed to cover the common interest of most of mountainous countries and regions. The Initiative is expected to provide a framework within which mountain countries and regions in collaboration with mountain specialized global and regional agencies can work together to understand better the changes occurring in mountains, comprehend the challenges they face as a result of climate and global changes, and launch adaptation and mitigation program jointly. The Initiative will advocate for better attention and action in order to reduce the risk and build resilient mountain communities, while maintaining the vital mountain-based ecosystem services for the welfare of the billions of people living downstream.